INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY

Anti-ragging Sensitization

2024-08-28T07:48:59+00:00

Ragging has been banned in all educational institutes all over India. Still, there is confusion in the minds of senior students about what is covered and what is not covered under ragging. Incidences of ragging do occur in some form or another due to this confusion. There is a strong need to make all the students and faculty members aware of the nuisance of ragging and the unwelcome fallout of ragging. Effects of ragging may be minor to major, affecting the mental and physical well-being of the freshers and sometimes even resulting in suicides due to unbearable mental trauma. Unwanted side effects of ragging result in disciplinary and legal action against senior students, which may ultimately affect their academic careers. Not only senior students but all the faculty members, fresher students and other employees of the institutes should also be sensitized to report the incidences if it comes to their knowledge. Therefore, sensitization of all students and employees about ragging should always be carried out every year by the members of the anti-ragging committee of every educational institute to prevent ragging in all the institutes.

Comparing Dental and Medical Education Standards on Environmental Health (Bio-Medical Waste Management)

2024-08-28T07:53:20+00:00

Introduction: There has been a progressive and exponential increase in the utilization of healthcare services. Global healthcare spending is projected to increase at an annual rate of 4.1% in 2017-2021, up from just 1.3% in 2012-2016. Medical and dental sciences are expanding in terms of available treatment options, improvised implants and innovation in both fields. Specialized equipment and innovations in available treatment options enable the performance of more complex surgical procedures. Such increasing healthcare service on account of increasing services, enhanced affordability and advancement in technology has to lead a parallel increase in generated bio-medical waste (BMW). The most important component of BMW waste management and handling is its segregation. It thus becomes imperative that doctors are adequately trained and that segregation practices are inculcated in their conduct. Medical and dental colleges are the primary institutions assigned to provide technical education such that a person trained becomes an able doctor. Education in foundation years can have a much more long-lasting effect. This study aims to identify the knowledge levels of young dental and medical graduates and identify possible differences in both streams. Method: One medical college and two dental colleges were selected based on the convenience and accessibility to the research and a cross-sectional study was performed. Based on the available literature, available guidelines and applicable rules, a structured questionnaire was formed. Pre-defined questionnaire was distributed to all and study objectives were explained. Result: The study identified that the dental and medical curriculum is deficient in providing training and ensuring logical understanding among young graduates and making them adequately competent to be allowed to handle BMW and consequentially be allowed to run their clinics or work independently at hospitals.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching (VAT) Program on Knowledge Regarding Selected Newborn Danger Signs and their Management Among Postnatal Primi Mothers, in Selected Hospitals, in Bangalore

2024-08-28T07:59:15+00:00

Background: The neonatal period (i.e., the first 28 days of life) is the most critical time for the survival of an infant. Although the global neonatal mortality rate has declined significantly by 40% between 1990 and 2013, this decline has not been on pace with the 56% decline in the under-5 mortality rate globally over the same period. DANGER SIGN: Neonates and young infants often present with non-specific symptoms and signs that indicate severe illness. These signs might be present at or after delivery or in a newborn presenting to the hospital or develop during a hospital stay. The signs include diarrhea and jaundice. Not feeding well, convulsions, drowsy or unconscious, movement only when stimulated or no movement at all fast breathing (60 breaths per min), grunting, severe chest in drawing, raised temperature, > 38°C, hypothermia, < 35.5°C. Objective: assess the existing level of knowledge regarding selected danger signs of newborn & their management, evaluate the effectiveness of the VAT program, and determine the association between the pretest knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables. Method: The research approach is evaluative; the research design is quasi-experimental design and the setting is a postnatal ward in Sapthagiri Hospital Bangalore. The sample of this study comprised 60 postnatal primipara mothers. A convenient sampling technique was used to draw samples for the study. Results: In the pretest, 83.3% had inadequate knowledge, and 16.7% had Moderately Adequate knowledge. In the post-test, 85% had adequate knowledge, 15% had moderately adequate knowledge and none of them had inadequate knowledge. In the post-test, 100% had good knowledge, and none of them had average as well as poor knowledge. The pretest mean percentage was 44.06% and the post-test mean percentage was 85.04%. Interpretation and conclusion: Overall findings showed that the video-assisted teaching program was significant in improving the knowledge and practice scores of postnatal primipara mothers on knowledge regarding newborn danger signs and their management.

Forensic Odontology: Bridging the Gap between Dental Science and Criminal Investigation

2024-08-28T08:01:33+00:00

Forensic odontology, as an integral part of dentistry, plays a crucial role in linking dental science with criminal investigation. This abstract provides a concise overview of the interdisciplinary nature and applications of forensic odontology, emphasizing its significance in forensic identification. In cases where traditional methods of identification fail, such as in instances of severe decomposition or trauma, dental evidence becomes invaluable. Dental records, including charts, X-rays, and photographs, serve as essential tools for comparing and establishing the identities of individuals. Forensic odontologists employ meticulous examination and comparison of dental features to aid in the resolution of missing person cases. This multidisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive investigations, enabling accurate decision-making within the criminal justice system. Ultimately, this abstract underscores the significance of forensic odontology as a vital bridge between dental science and criminal investigation. Through its comprehensive techniques and applications, this paper aims to promote a deeper understanding of the field and the potential for further advancements in the future.

Medicolegal and Social issues of False implication and Abuse of Process of Law in POCSO Cases: A Critical Review

2024-08-28T08:05:50+00:00

Allahabad High Court in a recent judgment observed that a Medical Report determining the age of a POCSO Act offence is an imperative requirement of law and an absolute necessity of justice. Allahabad High Court issued the following directions: The police authorities/ investigation officers shall ensure that in every POCSO Act offence, a medical report determining the victim’s age shall be drawn up at the outset under Section 164A of the Criminal Procedure Code read with Section 27 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012. The report may be dispensed with if medical opinion advises against it in the interests of the victim’s health; The medical report determining the age of the victim shall be created as per established procedure of law and in adherence to the latest scientific parameters and medical protocol; The medical report determining the age of the victim shall be submitted under Section 164-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure to the Court without delay; The Director General (Health), Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow shall also ensure that the doctors who comprise the Medical Board are duly trained and follow the established medical protocol and scientific parameters for determining the age of the victims in such cases. Constant research shall be done in this field to keep the reports in line with the latest scientific developments. This case study emphasizes the dynamic nature of law and medicine with the passage of time and the demands of the society and administration of the criminal justice system in the larger public interest.

Dental Negligence and Consumer Protection Act- The Indian Scenario

2024-08-28T08:09:00+00:00

In recent years, the doctor-patient relationship has evolved drastically. Healthcare professionals are increasingly being viewed as providers of service. In addition to this, the ever-growing patient population is becoming more informed and aware of their rights. Owing to this increased public awareness of medical and dental negligence, hospitals in India are facing complaints regarding facilities, standards of treatment care, appropriateness of therapeutic and diagnostic methods and competence. Due to the lack of knowledge among dental professionals, there is an increased risk of malpractice which can occur in any stage of treatment starting right from history taking to follow-up of the patient. This necessitates the need for the dentist to be aware of the various dental negligent acts and legal procedures available in India and this article aims to highlight the same.

An Elderly Woman Uncommon sudden Cardiac Death- A case report

2024-08-28T08:11:11+00:00

Sudden cardiac death is a major international public health problem accounting for approximately 15-20 % of all deaths, most such cases come to the limelight due to its acute mode of onset and its devastating effects on the bereaved family members. As a natural consequence autopsy surgeons are also more focused when such deaths occur in relatively younger age groups and extra effort is given to find out the actual cause of death, However, histopathology can reveal a diagnosis that can make autopsy surgeons rethink and reiterate the significance of histopathological examination in sudden suspicious cases related to sudden death. Requisition for conducting post-mortem examination of an 80-year-old female was brought to Kolkata Police Morgue on 30/01/2023, being referred from medical college Kolkata. Histopathological examination shows myxoid degeneration with spindle-shaped cells, myxoid tumour cells, and lymphocytic infiltrate suggestive of atrial myxoma.

A Rare Case of Antemortem Hanging; Exhibiting Features of Fetishism & Transvestism

2024-08-28T08:17:49+00:00

Paraphilias persistently indulged in abnormal and unorthodox sexplay by using objects or parts of the body or fantasies in which complete satisfaction is sought and obtained without sexual intercourse. Cross-dressing may be done by different individuals, which may be inconsistent with their gender allocation for various reasons. However, when such individuals may be found in a dead condition, it raises suspicion in the minds of investigating authorities. In the present case, we discuss a case of a cross-dressed person who was found hanging in female attire. There was no evidence suggesting autoerotic activity, nor did he cross-dressed to take up activities like those of a ‘drag queen’ (‘Drag’ is a form of cross-dressing as performance art.). The prevalence of transvestic disorder is unknown. The majority of epidemiologic data relating to paraphilias derive from clinical populations, especially large-scale studies that are limited to jail inmates or sexual offenders and there are no studies in the general population. Paraphilias are also considered part of OCD spectrum disorders.

Castration and Emasculation: A Case Report

2024-08-28T08:20:13+00:00

Castration and amputation of the penis is not observed commonly in the emergency departments of hospitals, but at the same time, it is an injury that is also not unheard of. It can result from assaults, self-mutilation and surgical procedures. It can lead to psychological and sociocultural challenges. A case of criminal castration and amputation of the penis by surgery is described
in the present paper.

Case report of Homicide by inhalation of nitrogen gas: A Rare case

2024-08-28T08:24:08+00:00

Nitrogen is physiologically an inert, nontoxic gas, not involved in human metabolism. It may displace oxygen from the inhaled air causing a life-threatening condition. Homicide by use of Nitrogen is a very rare case. We report on the analysis of a homicide of a 28-year-old female killed by her fiancé with 100% nitrogen gas as confessed by him before the police.